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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgem | om kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rget | ot kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rga | ok/ogeš kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgena | ona/ogə̑na kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgeda | oda/ogə̑da kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgat | ogə̑t kuŋgə̑rgo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑š | ə̑š kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑šna | ə̑šna kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑šda | ə̑šda kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑št | ə̑št kuŋgə̑rgo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgenam | kuŋgə̑rgen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgenat | kuŋgə̑rgen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgen | kuŋgə̑rgen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgenna | kuŋgə̑rgen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgenda | kuŋgə̑rgen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgenə̑t | kuŋgə̑rgen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgem ə̑l'e | om kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rget ə̑l'e | ot kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rga ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgem ulmaš | om kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rget ulmaš | ot kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rga ulmaš | ok/ogeš kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgat ulmaš | ogə̑t kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgenam ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgenat ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgen ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgenna ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgenda ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgen ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgenam ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgenat ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgen ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgenna ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgenda ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgen ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgo | it kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑žo | ə̑nže kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 1PL: | (kuŋgə̑rgena) | (ona/ogə̑na kuŋgə̑rgo) |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑za | ida kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kuŋgə̑rgo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nem | ə̑nem kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑net | ə̑net kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑neže | ə̑než kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nena | ə̑nena kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑neda | ə̑neda kuŋgə̑rgo |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kuŋgə̑rgo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kuŋgə̑rgo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kuŋgə̑rgo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kuŋgə̑rgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑man |
| Active participle: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kuŋgə̑rgen |
| Negative gerund: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||